Morphine: give 2-5 mg over 3 minutes and repeat in 15 minutes if necessary. Decreases patient anxiety and work of breathing, thereby limiting sympathetic outflow and aiding in arteriolar and venous dilatation.
Narcotic overdose: From overdose of heroin or methadone. Usually occurs within 2 hours of injection. Pathophysiology unknown but believed due to direct toxicity, hypoxia, hyperventilation, or cerebral edema. Supportive measure for patient are indicated.
High altitude pulmonary edema: etiology unclear but thought due to unequal pulmonary vasoconstriction and overperfusion of remaining vessels. Support patient and move to lower altitudes.
But how cerebral edema occurs? I think increase in CO2 causes cebral vasodilation but at the same time hyperventilation sets in which decreases CO2 in the body.
profound hypoxemia in altitude sickness causes cerebral vasodilation
remember in normal conditions CO2 regulates cerebral flow. Increased CO2 (hypoventilation) causes increased cerebral flow. Decreased CO2 (hyperventilation) causes decreased cerebral flow
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