i know its easy question not difficult but after your's response i will ask another question which is related to this question, first give me answer of this question
Aldosterone should be high.. In heart failure, ..macula densa .. JGA.. Renin.. Aldosterone..
In nephrotic/ cirrhotic, fluid loss to interstitium.. Again same reason.. Macula densa.. JGA.. Renin.. Aldosterone
)??
i know its easy question not dificuilt but after your's response i wil ask another question which is related to this question, first give me answer of this question
There will be decrease plasma oncotic pressure due to the fact that there's decrease albumin. Sounds like Nephrotic syndrome to me.
Next, what about aldostrone level?
Well, here's how I would think about it. Besides Nephrotic syndrome, what else causes edema? How about Right sided heart failure? What causes Right Sided heart failure? How about Left sided heart failure? Now put Left sided heart failure + Right sided heart failure together and you now have Congestive heart failure.
Physical examination reveals symmetrical pitting edema of ankles, which of the following most likely decrease in this patient??
1) plasma oncotic pressure------decrease (hypoalbuminemia)
2) tissue lymphatic drainage-----increased (bc fluid is acumulated in intrstitium it must be drained particularly in this patient)
3) circulating aldosterone level--increased (bc decrease intravascular volume due to leakage into intrstitium-- compnsatory increase aldosterone--fluid retention)
4) capillary hydrostatic pressure--increased..
I really think we need more of such posts discussing multi step questions and testing our understanding randomly..
Cud we make this thread the mother thread of such useful stuff??
To let anybody ask confusions, share amazing mechanisms/links/logics between topics etc..?
I really think we need more of such posts discussing multi step questions and testing our understanding randomly..
Cud we make this thread the mother thread of such useful stuff??
To let anybody ask confusions, share amazing mechanisms/links/logics between topics etc..?
mine next question is: in emphysema alveolar spaces dilated then whats the reason behind air flow obstruction??
if any one have lil bit concept about it so pls share with us
hmm ya its A..
resp alkalosis wid compensation of met acidosis..(renal)
and what can be said abt option C? is it uncompensated rep alkalosis?
if yes --> Is exposure of 5 days only key feature to choose the answer A then C??
plz explain?
please tell me lil bit about alocation bias it results from the way that treatment and controled groups are assembled i cant understand its theory,when i see bias i get worse headache what should i do with them because these bias dont cros mine brain bariers easily i tried alot to improve biostatics but these bias wil take mine life one day esp on exam day :toosad:
got this explanation(from wikipedia):
it may ocur if subjects are assigned to study group of clinical trial in a non random fashion.
here is example: in a study group oral NSAIDs and intra articular corticosteroids injections for the treatment of the osteoarthritis,obese patient may be preferentialy assigned to the corticosteroids group.
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