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  1. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    In First Aid : Choriocarcinoma can develop during or after pregnancy in mother or "baby" ????? .....I think this sentence is wrong ...It should end by only "in mother ." ...How is it possible to develop in baby during or after pregnancy???
  2. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    Hello! I'm a bit confused with the circulation. Just to clarify I THINK this is how it goes according to FA / Kaplan 1) Umbilical Vein -> Ductus Venosus -> IVC -> Foramen Ovale -> Left Atria -> Left Ventricle ->Aorta. (FA Version) 2) It was mentioned in Kaplan 2010 Umbilical Vein -> Right...
  3. USMLE Step 1 Mnemonics
    Hi all! I always have trouble remembering what becomes what when the stomach rotates 90 degrees clockwise. The embryonic ventral surface becomes the right side of the stomach while the original dorsal surface becomes the left. Likewise, the original left side becomes the ventral and the right...
  4. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    Why does Ach esterase increase in Neural tube defects?
  5. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    I am not getting how primitive body cavity in embryo is horse-shoe shaped .. can anyone please help?? :/
  6. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    In different types of spina bifida, where is the opening of the unclosed posterior neuropore... Failure of closure of posterior pore gives spina bifida so in spina bifida occulta, meningocele n meningomyelocele where is the central canal opening to outside.???? I mean it should communicate to...
  7. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    Somebody please help..!!! There are 2 plates in neural tube, the basal plate gives rise to pre ganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons and the post ganglionic neurons of ANS come from Neural crest cells. Now what does the ALAR PLATES give rise to..??? and what is the embryonic...
  8. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    A 22 yo woment comes to the physician 3 months after she noticed a painless slowly enlarging mass on the left side of her neck. PE shows a freely mobile soft cystic mass with a cutaneous surface opening. the physical explain that it is from incomplete fusion during embryo development. Which of...
  9. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    HERE is the deal, im studying embriology and im getting very frustrated my Kaplan book on page 167 says that the GONADS AND THE INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS come from MESODERM. i found a mnemonic that says that from ENDODERM comes the "nuts" and oocytes. (it goes like this: ENDO Extraembryonic...
  10. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    What was the MOST possible medical prob of his/her mom ? a. Rubeola b. Rubella c. CMV d. Diabetes melts e. Gestational diabetes f. Eclampsia g. Pre eclampsia .
  11. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    A 73-year-old man with a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus presents with the sudden onset of right-sided paralysis. An ultrasound study shows significant atherosclerosis in a major artery that is embryologically derived from one of the aortic arches. The artery that is most...
  12. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    hello, what is the embryological origin of esophagus and nasal cavity? and what is the embryo origin of epithelium of esophagus and nasal cavity? is it ectoderm, mesoderm or endoderm? in FA it is written that epithelium of oral cavity is from ectoderm does that also apply on esophagus?
  13. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    The pancreas is derived from two elements of the foregut: the ventral pancreatic bud and the dorsal pancreatic bud. The ventral bud is responsible for part of the head, the uncinate process, and one other structure. Which of the following is the additional structure formed from the ventral...
  14. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    Hi, I was reading First Aid Embryology section and under the renal development i think pg.140 (FA 2012) it has stated that horseshoe kidney is stabilized or put in place by the inferior mesenteric artery but, in Dr.Goljan's audio lectures he has mentioned that it is the superior mesenteric...
  15. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    I'm having hard time with Embryo and Neuroanatomy. Kaplan Anatomy book misses lot of information. Please suggest me which book should I read or will I get better with Kaplan book as finish one read?
  16. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    A 20 year patient presents with shortness of breath on exertion. on examination he is found to have wide splitting of second heart sound. physician confirms it to be defect in septum primum. Pathology lies in? a) apoptosis of septum primum b) migration of septum primum to enndocardial cushions...
  17. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    A 19-year-old woman, G2, P1, has a screening ultrasound at 20 weeks’ gestation that shows no abnormalities. Premature labor leads to an emergent vaginal delivery at 31 weeks, however. Soon after birth, the neonate develops respiratory distress requiring intubation with positive-pressure...
  18. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    38 y.o woman is in her 12th week of gestation. She has recieved all vitamin supplementation prior and after conception. Ultrasound examination of fetus shows the following: which of the following is most likely diagnosis?: a) Disrupted rostral neuropore closure b) Dandy walker Malformation...
  19. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    A 1 week new born is brought to the hospital with urine draining from umbilicus. The fluid is passing through which of the following remnants of the patent embryonic structures: A) Lateral umbilical fold; B) Medial umbilical fold; C) Medial umbilical ligament; D) Median umbilical fold; E)...
  20. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    MCC of congenital upper limb deformity is: A) Polydactily; B) Sindactily; C) Constriction band syndrome; D) Phocomielia; E) Macrodactily.
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