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  1. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    29-yr-old female comes because of hot flashes, irritability, amenorrhea. Which of the following findings are likely to be seen 1) elevated androgen 2) elevated estradiol 3) reduced FSH 4) reduced inhibin plz explain also
  2. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    Can someone explain what is the relationship between Progestrone and LH ??:confused::confused:
  3. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    Besides LH at pituitary and GnRH at hypothalamus Does testosterone have negative feedback on FSH also?
  4. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    Hello, I'm currently studying Pathology with Pathoma! In Chapter 1 it mentions "under persistent stress, metaplasia can progress to dysplasia and eventually result in cancer. Except Apocrine metaplasia of breast which carries no increased risk for cancer. Can someone explain why? I've...
  5. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    its given in FA that testosterone secretion by leidig cells is not affected by increase in temp as in cryptochdism etc while cntrary to this kaplan notes say it ll be decreased and LH levels in cryptochdism ll be increased ,,, which one is correct ?:confused:
  6. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    A 72 year old man has difficulty initiating urination. Digital rectal examination shows an enlarged, firm prostate. An assay for serum prostate specific antigen is 3.5 (reference range is 0-5). Examination of tissue obtained on biopsy of the prostate is most likely to show: a) adenocarcinoma b)...
  7. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    UW mentioned that pregnancy in turner syndrome is possible in majority of cases with oocyte donation. Is this possible to happen even without the initial hormonal support provided by the Gravian follicle ?
  8. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    What is the difference between the utricle, the saccule, and the semicircular canals of the inner ear? What type of auditory information do they each sense?
  9. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    A 39 year old woman at 30 weeks gestation has a systolic murmer at the left lower sternal border and splitting of S2 that are both pronounced during inspiration. The remainder of the physical examination is unremarkable. Which of the following is the best explanation for these findings? A)...
  10. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    During pregnancy estrogen is drastically increased, but its effect mitigated by progesterone. BUT why does nullparity (never having any children) increase the risk of endometrial cancer. Thanks for your help.
  11. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    A 45-year-old male presented with the complaint of a penile mass, which had been present for 8 months. The mass appeared, grew rapidly for 3 months, and then remained stable in size. The patient denied associated pain except with sexual intercourse, also he admits use of sildenafil sometime. He...
  12. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    Hey guys. Studying endometriosis, I've got some questions. I would be thankful if anyone could answer me. How comes the nodularity of the uterosacral ligaments in patients with endometrisis? Does 'hemolysis' occur in endometrosis?? if yes, how..? Also, not sure how infertility comes with...
  13. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    Goljan says in neoplasm audio that serum PSA does not increase after doing DRE & any teacher who taught that is an idiot. But I had known that PSA increases after DRE since my med school & even this study published in "Urology" also says that.. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10565747 Can...
  14. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    A 38-year-old woman is in her first pregnancy, which has been uneventful until the 34th week, when she develops swelling of feet and hands. An obstetric check-up reveals that she also has hypertension and proteinuria. Laboratory analysis shows elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and...
  15. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    I know that estrogen inhibits FSH , but in (GOLJAN page 445) they said that: Estrogen surge during follicular phase has a "positive" feedback on FSH and LH please help and thanks in advanced..
  16. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    A 30 year delivers a child at home now presents to the emergency room with the history of bleeding per vaginum. her bleeding is not controlled by drugs alone. she is sent to the OT. surgeon controls bleeding by ligating a structure medial to ureter. what is the structure ligated. a) uterine a b)...
  17. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    Does anyone know the difference between high and low vaginal swab in terms of indications?
  18. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    What is seen in prostate cancer in contrast to BPH? a) increased total PSA B) increased PSA unbound to alpha antichymotrypsin c) increased PSA bound to alpha antichymotrypsin. d) decreased total PSA e) most common at age >50 yrs F) decreased PSA bound to alpha antichymotrypsin
  19. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    A 54-year -old women complains of hot flashes and night sweats. Her last menstrual period was 2 years ago. She also has migraine headaches and a family history of breast cancer via maternal aunt. What is the appropriate treatment for her? A) Hysterectomy B) Endometrial biopsy C)...
  20. USMLE Step 1 Forum
    30 yr male patients presents with testicular swelling that is painless. he also gives history of sweating, palpitation, tremor wt loss, and diarrhea. you suspect the patient has most probably increased. a) FSH b) Placental Alkaline Phosphatase c) LH d) ACTH e) hCG
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