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This is commonly asked in USMLE
Here's a quick review:
Here's a quick review:
- Macrolides and Clindamycin ----> blocking the trans-location step of translation (50S subunit); streptogramins may also work on the extrusion of the completed peptide.
- Aminoglycosides ----> Prevent initiation complex by causing misreading of the mRNA code (30S subunit)
- Chloremphenicol and cycloheximides ----> inhibit peptidyl transferase (50S subunit)
- Tetracyclines, Streptogramins, and Linezolid ----> inhibit initiation complex formation by inhibiting the attachment of tRNA to the A site (30S subunit for tetracylin :50S subunit for streptogramins and linezolid)
- Pencillins and cephalosporins ----> bind to PBP and inhibit transpeptidation of the cell wall
- Flouroquinolones ----> inhibit topoisomeras II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV
- Sulfonamides ----> blocking dihydropterate synthetase
- Trimethoprim and pyrimethamine ----> blocks dihydrofolate reductase
- Vancomycin ----> binds to D-Ala-D-Ala muramyl pentapeptide and halt transglycosylation of the peptidoglycan elongation in bacterial cell wall
- Metronidazole ----> free radicals formation (needs oxygen to work)
- Polymyxins ----> damages the membrane osmotic properties
- INH ----> inhibit synthesis of mycolic acid
- Rifampin ----> works on sigma factor needed for initiation of transcription
- Ethambutol ----> inhibit synthesis of arabinogalactan a cell wall component of mycobacterium
- Puromycin ----> attaches to A site and premature termination of translation