[khanar]

A known hypertensive 45 year old African American male presented with acute severe headache that started this morning only. He has been well controlled on HCTZ and Atenolol. His last blood pressure reading was 145/85. Today his blood pressure reading is 230/140. Pulse rate 110/min, Temp 38C, Respiratory rate 21/min. Fundoscopic exam showed bilateral papillodema. Other systems were within normal limits. What is the best initial drug therapy in this patient?
A- Intravenous Enalprilat
B- Sublingual Nitroglycerine
C- Intravenous Diazoxide
D- High dose oral propranalol
E- Intravenous Acetazolamide

 

[FSUSTC]

Here patient presents with Hypertensive emergency ... as his SBP > 220 and DBP > 120 .. with end organ damage sign papilledema ...
Best initial is IV labetelol and IV nitroprusside
But if these are not in option next best inial is IV enalaprit
If all above are not in option then In diazoxide , IV esmolol ...

So i think its A ...

 

[khanar]

Yes you are right

 

[1TA2B]

Here patient presents with Hypertensive emergency ... as his SBP > 220 and DBP > 120 .. with end organ damage sign papilledema ...
Best initial is IV labetelol and IV nitroprusside
But if these are not in option next best inial is IV enalaprit
If all above are not in option then In diazoxide , IV esmolol ...

So i think its A ...

I'm suprised to see IV labetalol and nitroprusside not in the options too.

African-American has less BP reduction with ACEI though!

 

[bebix]

Here patient presents with Hypertensive emergency ... as his SBP > 220 and DBP > 120 .. with end organ damage sign papilledema ...
Best initial is IV labetelol and IV nitroprusside
But if these are not in option next best inial is IV enalaprit
If all above are not in option then In diazoxide , IV esmolol ...

So i think its A ...

"acute severe headache + bilateral papillodema" = I don´t think nitroprusside is a good option though (Sodium nitroprusside increases intracranial pressure, which would be disadvantageous in patients with hypertensive encephalopathy or cerebrovascular accident.
ref:Marik PE, Varon J. Hypertensive crises challenges and management. Chest. 2007;131: 1949-1962)

 

[USMLE-Syndrome]

this case is hypertensive emergency
so the choice will be A )IV enalopril

http://www.turner-white.com/memberfile.php?PubCode=hp_mar07_hypertensive.pdf

 

[1TA2B]

this case is hypertensive emergency
so the choice will be A )IV enalopril

http://www.turner-white.com/memberfile.php?PubCode=hp_mar07_hypertensive.pdf

Thanks Miss patho-extremely useful material: take home message and choice of parentaral antihypertensive in particular.

For hypertensive encephalopathy/SAH-nitroprusside first line, labetalol and nicardipine - second line!

 

[bebix]

Thanks Miss patho-extremely useful material: take home message and choice of parentaral antihypertensive in particular.

For hypertensive encephalopathy/SAH-nitroprusside first line, labetalol and nicardipine - second line!

nothing personal, but I rather go with Chest journal

 

[Claus_CU]

I also would go with A- Intravenous Enalprilat

nice discussion!...a small contribution to the discussion

this is for the british journal of medicine

Accelerated (malignant) hypertension, hypertensive encephalopathy or intracranial haemorrhage:
The first-line treatment is labetalol. ] [C Evidence] If patients do not have evidence of raised intracranial pressure, a second-line treatment choice is nitroprusside. [C Evidence] However, if raised intracranial pressure is present or suspected, nitroprusside is contraindicated and another agent should be used. Nitroprusside decreases cerebral blood flow while increasing intracranial pressure, effects that are particularly disadvantageous in patients with hypertensive encephalopathy or following a cerebrovascular accident. It should also be avoided in patients with renal or hepatic insufficiency. Nicardipine is another second line agent which can be used. It is especially useful in the presence of cardiac disease due to coronary vasodilatory effects.
The third-line treatment choice is fenoldopam, a selective peripheral dopamine-1-receptor agonist with arterial vasodilator effects. [C Evidence] This drug is particularly useful in patients with renal insufficiency, where the use of nitroprusside is restricted due to the risk of thiocyanate poisoning.

So, as bebis explained early, I think Nitroprusside is contraindicated in this case.